Jatropha curcas Mosquito repellent   Natural Plant Mosquito Repeller

In the summer of 2015, over 15,000 citizens of Tainan are affected by Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Long shirts and long pants can protect people from the attack of mosquitoes, but the summer hot made them unbearable. Then, mosquito repellent products become a popular method to protect children and old people. DEET ( N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) is an effective repellent and has been in worldwide use since 1950’s. But it has some disadvantages. Infants shouldn’t use it, and children under 13 should use it in concentrations no greater than 10%. Deet also can ruin shoes, glasses, watch, clothing, and other vinyl or plastic materials. So, lots of people turn to natural mosquito repellents or plant-based repellents. A wide range of plants have been used traditionally for repelling mosquitoes and other insects. Traditional medical plants like Lemon eucalypus, Citronella, Pelargonium reniforme, Eugenia caryophyllus, Mentha arvensis are extensively used in some country specially in tropical rural communities .

Most plant-based repellents come from these plant oils or other volatile extracts. Some can give 100% protection as Deet does. But these plant compounds evaporate rapidly which make them loss of efficacy in shorter period of time. Laboratory study by Fradin MS and Day JF (2002) showed that the time of 100% protection against mosquitoes by topical application of 10% C.nardus oil was only 20 minutes. Another study by Barnard DR(1999) demonstrated that the time of 100% protection by topical application of 100% Mentha oil was 45 minutes.

Jatropha curcas is widely used in many tropical countries as a medicinal plant to treat various human and veterinary ailments such as malaria, rheumatic and muscular pains. The leaves of J. curcas are also used to repel mosquitoes in some tropical regions by hanging them in houses or by burning them during the day or the evening. Debella, A. et al.( 2007) and Sakthivadivel, M & Daniel, T. (2008) reported the extracts of J.curcas have larvicidal effects on different mosquitoes including C. quiquefascinatus, An. Stephesi and A. aegypti. Zewdneh Tomass,et al.(2011) tested the larvicidal activities of the crude and column chromatographic fractions of methanol leaf extracts of J. curcas against the larvae of A.arabiensis. Similar results have been also found on the study of Larvicidal activity of some Euphorbiaceae plant extracts against Aedes aegypti (Rahuman AA et al.2007). T. C. Kazembe and M. Chaibva(2012) used the human-bait technique to evaluate the efficacy of crude extracts and oil extracted from the crude extracts of C. Limom, J. curcas, O. americanum as mosquito repellents against laboratory-reared A. aegypti. A special glove with an open area measuring 6×6cm treated with a predetermined dose for the whole extracts and the extracted  oils was exposed to 5-8 day old mosquitoes reared by laboratory. Experimental results indicated the time for repellence to fall below 70% of the crude extracts of J.cucas is about 2.0 hours , and that time of the oils of J. curcas is about 4.0 hours. Results also showed that the mixture of the extracts of C. Limom,/ J. curcas, /O. americanum can provide longer protection. The time for repellence to fall below 70% of the oil mixture of C. Limom,/ J. curcas, /O. americanum was about 8 hours.

Plants in Citrus genus like C. limom, C. maxima, C. sinensis are commonly used as ingredients of natural mosquito repellents too. Laboratory study by Tawatsin A et al.(2001) showed the 100% essential oil of C.hystrix combined with vanillin can give 100% protection against An. stephensi for 8 hours.T. C. Experiment by Kazembe and M. Chaibva(2012) demonstrated The time for repellence to fall below 70% of the oil of C. limon is about 4 hours.

The oil of Azadirachta indica is commonly used as biological insecticide to protect vegetables or to sanitize environments or to remove pet parasites. Some field studies from India and Bolivia showed very high efficacy of neem oil against mosquitoes (Sharma VP, Ansari MA 1994 and Moore SJ, Lenglet A, Hill N 2002)。

JCN Anti- mosquito Cream

Most plant-based repellents in the market are made up of volatile constituents which makes them not effective over long periods of time. In other words, if you want to stay protected, you have to keep on applying these repellents. Repeatedly applying repellents not only cost time and money but also amplify the side effects of organic solvents used for the process of extraction or the stabilization of repellent solutions or creams.

Unique combination of the extracts of J. curcas, C. maxima, Neem and Chlorella vulagaris,  JCN Anti-mosquito Cream can give total body protection lasting up to 8 hours. It contains no harmful chemicals, and is safe for babies, children, pregnant women and all age groups. It is eco-friendly and has no side effects.

Ingredients: The extract of J. curcas, the extract of C. maxima, Neem oil and Chlorella extracts containing Chlorophyll, vitamins, polysaccharides and minerals .

Usage:    Spread JCN anti- mosquito cream on exposed areas of the skin when you plan to be outside. Avoid applying around the eyes and the month. This cream can be easily washed away by water. No irritation.

 Note :  Natural care product. No antiseptic. Keep it in room temperature for two months. Stored it in refrigerator (under 5^oC) for 10 months. When stored for weeks, the cell fragments will be deposited on the bottom of bottle. Shaking when use it.

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References

Amazon. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2002, 18:107-110.

Barnard DR: Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae). J Med Entomol 1999, 36:625-629.

Debella, A., Taye, A., Abebe, D., Mudi, K., Melaku, D & Taye, G. 2007. Screening of some Ethiopian medicinal plants for mosquito larvicidal effects and phytochemical constituents.Pharmacologyonline, 3: 231-243.

Fradin MS, Day JF: Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:13-18.

Moore SJ, Lenglet A, Hill N: Field evaluation of three plant-based insect repellents against malaria vectors in Vaca Diez Province, the Bolivian

Rahuman AA, Gopalakrishnan G, Venkatesan P, Geetha K.Larvicidal activity of some Euphorbiaceae plant extractsaginst Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2007; 102 : 867-73.

Sharma VP, Ansari MA: Personal protection from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) by burning neem oil in kerosene. J Med Entomol 1994,31:505-507.

Sakthivadivel, M & Daniel, T. 2008. Evaluation of certain insecticidal plants for the control ofvector mosquitoes vis. Culex quinquefaciatus, Anopheles staphensi and Aedes aegypti.Applied Entomology and Zoology, 43: 57-63.

T. C. Kazembe and M. Chaibva  Mosquito Repellency of Whole Extracts and Volatile oils of Ocimum americanum, Jatropha curcas and Citrus limon Bull. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci.; Volume 1 [8] July 2012: 65 – 71

Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y: Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. J Vector Ecol 2001, 26:76-82.

Zewdneh, T., Mamuye, H., Asegid, T., Yalemtsehay, M and Beyene, P. (MEJS) Volume 3 (1):52-64, 2011